Double angle formula: cos 2θ in all three forms
cos 2θ has three equivalent forms: cos²θ − sin²θ, 2cos²θ − 1, and 1 − 2sin²θ. The Pythagorean identity converts between them. Pick whichever leaves you with only the function you already have - that choice is usually what makes a problem fall out in one line instead of five.
Related Double Angle identities
Practise it
Reading a formula is not the same as recalling it under time pressure. The workspace drills Double Angle questions in the quiz, and the triangle solver shows a worked solution for any triangle you type in.
Or browse all 45 identities in the full reference, or read the trigonometry guides for the method behind them.